Panchang in Diffa, Niger Sun 18 Jul 1982

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 06:32 on Sun 18 Jul to 03:06 on Mon 19 Jul, so only Sunday’s pradosha (18:40–20:54) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Diffa

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 03:06 on Mon 19 Jul to 23:31 on Mon 19 Jul, between the two nights’ nishitha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Sun 18 Jul. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Diffa

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:51 here. Ekadashi ended at 09:40 Sat, before it. Dwadashi ends at 06:32, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 6 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Trayodashi began at 06:32 and ended at 03:06 Mon, between the sunrises of 05:51 and 05:51 Mon. Sunday reads Dwadashi and Monday reads Chaturdashi: Trayodashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 17 Jul ran from sunset 18:40 Sat to sunrise 05:51, 11 h 11 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:51 to 18:40, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:40 to 05:51 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mrigashira spans 53°20′–66°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 53°20′. It leaves at 00:12 Mon, for Ardra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 91.6° + 55.2° = 146.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 01:39 Mon, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 20:09 Sat, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 06:32.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:51 to 05:51 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 20 Jul, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 20 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana here, and Ashadha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 25 Mar 1982, 11:17 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 110.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2039; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1904.