Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sat 14 Apr 2068

The Sun enters Mesha at 19:11 Fri, after sunset (18:09 Fri), so the next day keeps it: Sat 14 Apr. No text giving Mesha Sankranti’s time was found; sankranti is Tithika’s convention.

Mesha Sankranti: every date in Davinópolis

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 06:37 on Sat 14 Apr to 08:52 on Sun 15 Apr, so only Saturday’s pradosha (18:09–20:33) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:10 here. Ekadashi ended at 04:12 Fri, before it. Dwadashi ends at 06:37, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 2 Apr, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwadashi began at 04:12 Fri, before sunrise at 06:10 Fri, and ends at 06:37, after the next sunrise at 06:10. Both days read Dwadashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Fri 13 Apr ran from sunset 18:09 Fri to sunrise 06:10, 12 h 1 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:10 to 18:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:09 to 06:10 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 143°20′. It leaves at 11:03, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 0.4° + 144.2° = 144.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 09:51, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 17:25 Fri, when the lead reached 138°; Balava runs until 06:37.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:10 to 06:10 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 13 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 May, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 2 Apr, with the Sun in Meena, began Chaitra. This Shukla paksha reads Chaitra in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 2 Apr 2068, 05:52 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 11.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2125; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1990.