Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Thu 17 Dec 2048

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 20:17 on Wed 16 Dec to 22:30 on Thu 17 Dec, touching pradosha on both evenings. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening it holds more of: Thu 17 Dec. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:52 here. Dwadashi ended at 20:17 Wed, before it. Trayodashi ends at 22:30, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 5 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Wed 16 Dec ran from sunset 18:18 Wed to sunrise 05:52, 11 h 34 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:52 to 18:19, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:19 to 05:53 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Krittika spans 26°40′–40°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 26°40′. It leaves at 02:01 Fri, for Rohini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 241.5° + 29.9° = 271.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 266°40′–280°00′ is the 21st, Siddha. It ends at 21:34, then Sadhya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 09:21, when the lead reaches 150°; Taitila until 22:30.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:52 to 05:53 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 3 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 5 Dec, with the Sun in Vrishchika, began Margashirsha. This Shukla paksha reads Margashirsha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 14 Mar 2048, 11:27 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 271.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2105; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1970.