Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 13 Apr 2025

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 180°–192° is the 16th, Krishna Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:10 here. Purnima ended at 21:22 Sat, before it. Pratipada ends at 23:55, when the lead reaches 192°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 12 Apr, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sat 12 Apr ran from sunset 18:10 Sat to sunrise 06:10, 12 h 0 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:10 to 18:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:09 to 06:10 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 183°20′. It leaves at 12:40, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 359.5° + 183.5° = 543°, one full turn and 183°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 173°20′–186°40′ is the 14th, Harshana. It ends at 13:09, then Vajra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 10:38, when the lead reaches 186°; Kaulava until 23:55.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:10 to 06:10 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 13 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 27 Apr, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 27 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, begins Vaishakha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Vaishakha here, and Chaitra in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 29 Mar 2025, 07:57 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 14.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2082; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1947.