Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sat 5 Aug 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:18 here. Chaturthi ended at 01:10, before it. Panchami ends at 22:40, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 1 Aug, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:44, came before Chaturthi ended at 09:40: this day reads Chaturthi.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:18, came after Chaturthi ended at 01:10: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Fri 4 Aug ran from sunset 18:12 Fri to sunrise 06:18, 12 h 6 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:18 to 18:12, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:12 to 06:18 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Bhadrapada spans 333°20′–346°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 336°40′. It leaves at 18:24, for Revati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 108.5° + 339.4° = 447.9°, one full turn and 87.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 80°00′–93°20′ is the 7th, Sukarma. It ends at 14:41, then Dhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 11:50, when the lead reaches 234°; Taitila until 22:40.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:18 to 06:18 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Jul 15:31 Mon to 16 Aug 06:38 Wed the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 17 Aug 05:02 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) here, and Shravana (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 14:23 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 131.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.