Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Mon 31 Jul 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 156°–168° is the 14th, Shukla Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:19 here. Trayodashi ended at 22:57 Sun, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 19:22, when the lead reaches 168°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:41, came before Trayodashi ended at 07:27: this day reads Trayodashi. Chaturdashi ends at 03:52 Tue, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Chaturdashi: it is kshaya.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:19, came after Trayodashi ended at 22:57 Sun: this day reads Chaturdashi.

The night of Sun 30 Jul ran from sunset 18:12 Sun to sunrise 06:19, 12 h 7 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:19 to 18:12, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:12 to 06:19 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 263°20′. It leaves at 10:28, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 103.8° + 264.1° = 367.9°, one full turn and 7.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 14:34, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 09:12, when the lead reaches 162°; Vanija until 19:22.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:19 to 06:19 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Jul 15:31 Mon to 16 Aug 06:38 Wed the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 17 Aug 05:02 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 14:23 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 127.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.