Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Mon 10 Apr 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:10 here. Chaturthi ended at 00:07, before it. Panchami ends at 22:48, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 6 Apr, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:01, came before Chaturthi ended at 08:37: this day reads Chaturthi.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:10, came after Chaturthi ended at 00:07: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Sun 9 Apr ran from sunset 18:11 Sun to sunrise 06:10, 11 h 59 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:10 to 18:11, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:11 to 06:10 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Jyeshtha spans 226°40′–240°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 226°40′. It leaves at 04:28 Tue, for Mula.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 356.1° + 227.2° = 583.3°, one full turn and 223.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 11:40, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 11:30, when the lead reaches 234°; Taitila until 22:48.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:10 to 06:10 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 14 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 20 Apr, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 20 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, begins Vaishakha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Vaishakha here, and Chaitra in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 14:23 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 19.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.