Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Wed 12 Jan 2022

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 108°–120° is the 10th, Shukla Dashami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:05 here. Navami ended at 05:52 Tue, before it. Dashami ends at 08:19, when the lead reaches 120°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 2 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dashami began at 05:52 Tue, before sunrise at 06:05 Tue, and ends at 08:19, after the next sunrise at 06:05. Both days read Dashami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Tue 11 Jan ran from sunset 18:30 Tue to sunrise 06:05, 11 h 35 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:05 to 18:30, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:30 to 06:05 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Krittika spans 26°40′–40°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 26°40′. It leaves at 08:36 Thu, for Rohini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 268° + 27° = 295°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 293°20′–306°40′ is the 23rd, Shubha. It ends at 04:03 Thu, then Shukla.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dashami is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 19:03 Tue, when the lead reached 114°; Garaja runs until 08:19.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:05 to 06:05 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 2 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 11 Apr 2021, 23:30 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 269.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2078; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1943.