Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 23 Aug 2020

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:13 here. Chaturthi ended at 11:27 Sat, before it. Panchami ends at 08:34, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 18 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Shashthi began at 08:34 and ended at 06:01 Mon, between the sunrises of 06:13 and 06:12 Mon. Sunday reads Panchami and Monday reads Saptami: Shashthi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 22 Aug ran from sunset 18:11 Sat to sunrise 06:13, 12 h 2 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:13 to 18:11, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:11 to 06:12 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 183°20′. It leaves at 08:36, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 126.6° + 185.2° = 311.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 18:59, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 21:59 Sat, when the lead reached 54°; Balava runs until 08:34.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:13 to 06:12 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 16 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 17 Sep, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 18 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada. This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 2020, 06:28 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 146.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2077; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1942.