Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Mon 16 Sep 2019

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 192°–204° is the 17th, Krishna Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:02 here. Pratipada ended at 03:54 Sun, before it. Dwitiya ends at 06:05, when the lead reaches 204°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 14 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 03:54 Sun, before sunrise at 06:02 Sun, and ends at 06:05, after the next sunrise at 06:02. Both days read Dwitiya: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sun 15 Sep ran from sunset 18:07 Sun to sunrise 06:02, 11 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:02 to 18:06, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:06 to 06:01 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Revati spans 346°40′–360°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 350°. It leaves at 19:51, for Ashwini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 149.1° + 353.1° = 502.2°, one full turn and 142.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 14:22, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 17:01 Sun, when the lead reached 198°; Garaja runs until 06:05.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:02 to 06:01 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 17 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 28 Sep, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 28 Sep, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina here, and Bhadrapada in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 5 Apr 2019, 05:50 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 157.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2076; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1941.