Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sat 9 Feb 2019

Saraswati Puja is done in purvahna, the first half of the day. Panchami runs from 03:56 on Sat 9 Feb to 05:39 on Sun 10 Feb, so only Saturday’s purvahna (06:14–12:23) falls within it. No text giving Vasant Panchami’s time was found; purvahna is Tithika’s convention.

Vasant Panchami: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:14 here. Chaturthi ended at 03:56, before it. Panchami ends at 05:39 Sun, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 4 Feb, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:04, came before Chaturthi ended at 12:26: this day reads Chaturthi.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:14, came after Chaturthi ended at 03:56: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Fri 8 Feb ran from sunset 18:33 Fri to sunrise 06:14, 11 h 41 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:14 to 18:33, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:33 to 06:14 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Bhadrapada spans 333°20′–346°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 343°20′. It leaves at 09:00, for Revati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 296.2° + 345.3° = 641.5°, one full turn and 281.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 280°00′–293°20′ is the 22nd, Sadhya. It ends at 03:46 Sun, then Shubha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 16:51, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 05:39 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:14 to 06:14 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 13 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Mar, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Feb, with the Sun in Makara, began Magha. This Shukla paksha reads Magha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 2018, 10:11 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 323.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2075; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1940.