Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Mon 16 Oct 2017

Dhanteras puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 15:56 on Mon 16 Oct to 15:38 on Tue 17 Oct, so only Monday’s pradosha (18:02–20:23) falls within it. No text giving Dhanteras’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Dhanteras puja muhurat: pradosha, 18:02–20:23. Within it Vrishabha, a fixed (sthira) lagna, rises in the east from 20:01 to 20:23.

Dhanteras: every date in Davinópolis

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 15:56 on Mon 16 Oct to 15:38 on Tue 17 Oct, so only Monday’s pradosha (18:02–20:23) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:48 here. Ekadashi ended at 16:35 Sun, before it. Dwadashi ends at 15:56, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 5 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 15 Oct ran from sunset 18:02 Sun to sunrise 05:48, 11 h 46 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:48 to 18:02, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:02 to 05:47 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 136°40′. It leaves at 21:42, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 179.1° + 137.9° = 317°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 10:53, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 04:13, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 15:56.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:48 to 05:47 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 19 Oct, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 19 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 27 Mar 2017, 23:57 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 195.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2074; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1939.