Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 16 Oct 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 180°–192° is the 16th, Krishna Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:48 here. Purnima ended at 01:23, before it. Pratipada ends at 21:38, when the lead reaches 192°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 16 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:22, came before Purnima ended at 09:53: this day reads Purnima. Pratipada ends at 06:08 Mon, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Pratipada: it is kshaya.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:48, came after Purnima ended at 01:23: this day reads Pratipada.

The night of Sat 15 Oct ran from sunset 18:02 Sat to sunrise 05:48, 11 h 46 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:48 to 18:01, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:01 to 05:47 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashwini spans 0°00′–13°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 0°. It leaves at 23:46, for Bharani.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 179.3° + 1.9° = 181.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 173°20′–186°40′ is the 14th, Harshana. It ends at 13:48, then Vajra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 11:31, when the lead reaches 186°; Kaulava until 21:38.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:48 to 05:47 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 30 Oct, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 30 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 08:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 185.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.