Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Tue 4 Oct 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 36°–48° is the 4th, Shukla Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:53 here. Tritiya ended at 04:04, before it. Chaturthi ends at 06:36 Wed, when the lead reaches 48°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 30 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturthi began at 04:04, before sunrise at 05:53, and ends at 06:36 Wed, after the next sunrise at 05:52 Wed. Both days read Chaturthi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:15, came before Tritiya ended at 12:34: this day reads Tritiya.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:53, came after Tritiya ended at 04:04: this day reads Chaturthi.

The night of Mon 3 Oct ran from sunset 18:03 Mon to sunrise 05:53, 11 h 50 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:53 to 18:03, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:03 to 05:52 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Vishakha spans 200°00′–213°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 203°20′. It leaves at 00:12 Wed, for Anuradha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 167.5° + 204.3° = 371.8°, one full turn and 11.8°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 08:49, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija runs until 17:20, when the lead reaches 42°; Vishti until 06:36 Wed.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:53 to 05:52 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 30 Oct, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 30 Sep, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 08:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 173.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.