Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Thu 4 Aug 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:18 here. Pratipada ended at 17:16 Wed, before it. Dwitiya ends at 17:25, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 2 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Wed 3 Aug ran from sunset 18:12 Wed to sunrise 06:18, 12 h 6 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:18 to 18:12, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:12 to 06:18 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 126°40′. It leaves at 18:28, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 108.3° + 126.9° = 235.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 14:41, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 05:16, when the lead reached 18°; Kaulava runs until 17:25.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:18 to 06:18 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 16 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Sep, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 2 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana. This Shukla paksha reads Shravana in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 08:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 114.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.