Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 13 Mar 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:14 here. Chaturthi ended at 09:33 Sat, before it. Panchami ends at 06:46, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 8 Mar, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Shashthi began at 06:46 and ended at 04:27 Mon, between the sunrises of 06:14 and 06:14 Mon. Sunday reads Panchami and Monday reads Saptami: Shashthi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 12 Mar ran from sunset 18:23 Sat to sunrise 06:14, 11 h 51 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:14 to 18:23, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:23 to 06:14 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Krittika spans 26°40′–40°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 26°40′. It leaves at 00:56 Mon, for Rohini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 329.1° + 28.8° = 357.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 09:21, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 20:06 Sat, when the lead reached 54°; Balava runs until 06:46.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:14 to 06:14 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kumbha gives Phalguna. The Sun enters Meena on 14 Mar, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 Apr, finds it in Meena and begins Chaitra.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Mar, with the Sun in Kumbha, began Phalguna. This Shukla paksha reads Phalguna in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 2015, 06:36 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 353.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2072; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1937.