Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Mon 1 Feb 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 264°–276° is the 23rd, Krishna Ashtami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:12 here. Saptami ended at 11:13 Sun, before it. Ashtami ends at 13:35, when the lead reaches 276°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 23 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 31 Jan ran from sunset 18:33 Sun to sunrise 06:12, 11 h 39 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:12 to 18:33, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:33 to 06:12 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Vishakha spans 200°00′–213°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 200°. It leaves at 07:45 Tue, for Anuradha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 287.9° + 200.5° = 488.4°, one full turn and 128.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 120°00′–133°20′ is the 10th, Ganda. It ends at 15:26, then Vriddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Ashtami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 00:27, when the lead reached 270°; Kaulava runs until 13:35.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:12 to 06:12 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 8 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Feb, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 2015, 06:36 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 312.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2072; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1937.