Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Fri 13 Dec 2013

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:50 here. Ekadashi ended at 23:51 Thu, before it. Dwadashi ends at 00:58 Sat, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 2 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:04, came before Ekadashi ended at 08:21: this day reads Ekadashi.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:50, came after Ekadashi ended at 23:51 Thu: this day reads Dwadashi.

The night of Thu 12 Dec ran from sunset 18:16 Thu to sunrise 05:50, 11 h 34 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:50 to 18:17, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:17 to 05:51 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashwini spans 0°00′–13°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 10°. It leaves at 07:45, for Bharani.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 237.5° + 12.3° = 249.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 240°00′–253°20′ is the 19th, Parigha. It ends at 12:08, then Shiva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 12:21, when the lead reaches 138°; Balava until 00:58 Sat.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:50 to 05:51 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 2 Dec, with the Sun in Vrishchika, began Margashirsha. This Shukla paksha reads Margashirsha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 06:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 240.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.