Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Thu 7 Nov 2013

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:43 here. Chaturthi ended at 23:24 Wed, before it. Panchami ends at 20:42, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 3 Nov, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:37, came before Chaturthi ended at 07:54: this day reads Chaturthi. Panchami ends at 05:12 Fri, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Panchami: it is kshaya.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:43, came after Chaturthi ended at 23:24 Wed: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Wed 6 Nov ran from sunset 18:03 Wed to sunrise 05:43, 11 h 40 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:43 to 18:03, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:03 to 05:43 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mula spans 240°00′–253°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 250°. It leaves at 06:54, for Purva Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 201.1° + 252.6° = 453.7°, one full turn and 93.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 93°20′–106°40′ is the 8th, Dhriti. It ends at 01:50 Fri, then Shula.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 10:02, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 20:42.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:43 to 05:43 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 2 Dec, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 3 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 06:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 204.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.