Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 8 Sep 2013

Ganesha’s puja is done at madhyahna, the middle fifth of the day. Chaturthi runs from 08:18 on Sun 8 Sep to 07:29 on Mon 9 Sep, so only Sunday’s madhyahna (10:54–13:19) falls within it.

Ganesh Chaturthi: every date in Davinópolis

Hartalika Teej’s puja is done in pratahkala, the first fifth of the day. Tritiya runs from 08:47 on Sat 7 Sep to 08:18 on Sun 8 Sep, so it touches only Sunday’s pratahkala (06:06–08:30). No text giving Hartalika Teej’s time was found; pratahkala is Tithika’s convention.

Hartalika Teej: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 24°–36° is the 3rd, Shukla Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:06 here. Dwitiya ended at 08:47 Sat, before it. Tritiya ends at 08:18, when the lead reaches 36°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 5 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 7 Sep ran from sunset 18:08 Sat to sunrise 06:06, 11 h 58 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:06 to 18:08, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:08 to 06:05 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 176°40′. It leaves at 00:01 Mon, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 141.8° + 176.7° = 318.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 08:34, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 20:35 Sat, when the lead reached 30°; Garaja runs until 08:18.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:06 to 06:05 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 16 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 5 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada. This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 06:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 145.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.