Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 1 Sep 2013

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:09 here. Ekadashi ended at 02:56, before it. Dwadashi ends at 05:00 Mon, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 20 Aug, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:59, came before Ekadashi ended at 11:26: this day reads Ekadashi.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:09, came after Ekadashi ended at 02:56: this day reads Dwadashi.

The night of Sat 31 Aug ran from sunset 18:09 Sat to sunrise 06:09, 12 h 0 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:09 to 18:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:09 to 06:08 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Punarvasu spans 80°00′–93°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 86°40′. It leaves at 15:47, for Pushya.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 135° + 88.5° = 223.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 11:54, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 16:00, when the lead reaches 318°; Taitila until 05:00 Mon.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:09 to 06:08 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 16 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Sep, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 5 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, begins Bhadrapada. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Bhadrapada here, and Shravana in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 06:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 138.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.