Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Fri 5 Jul 2013

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 20:48 on Thu 4 Jul to 23:18 on Fri 5 Jul, so only Friday’s pradosha (18:08–20:34) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Davinópolis

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 23:18 on Fri 5 Jul to 01:49 on Sun 7 Jul, holding as much of nishitha on both nights. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier: Fri 5 Jul. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:19 here. Dwadashi ended at 20:48 Thu, before it. Trayodashi ends at 23:18, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 23 Jun, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Thu 4 Jul ran from sunset 18:08 Thu to sunrise 06:19, 12 h 11 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:19 to 18:08, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:08 to 06:19 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 46°40′. It leaves at 17:35, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 79.5° + 47.8° = 127.3°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 120°00′–133°20′ is the 10th, Ganda. It ends at 17:44, then Vriddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 10:02, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 23:18.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:19 to 06:19 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishabha gives Jyeshtha. The Sun enters Mithuna on 14 Jun, inside the month. The next new moon, 8 Jul, finds it in Mithuna and begins Ashadha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, begins Ashadha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashadha here, and Jyeshtha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 06:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 82.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.