Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Thu 13 Jun 2013

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:15 here. Chaturthi ended at 22:25 Wed, before it. Panchami ends at 00:12 Fri, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 8 Jun, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:22, came before Chaturthi ended at 06:55: this day reads Chaturthi.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:15, came after Chaturthi ended at 22:25 Wed: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Wed 12 Jun ran from sunset 18:03 Wed to sunrise 06:15, 12 h 12 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:15 to 18:03, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:03 to 06:15 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashlesha spans 106°40′–120°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 110°. It leaves at 01:47 Fri, for Magha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 58.5° + 110.1° = 168.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 160°00′–173°20′ is the 13th, Vyaghata. It ends at 14:58, then Harshana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 11:22, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 00:12 Fri.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:15 to 06:15 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishabha gives Jyeshtha. The Sun enters Mithuna on 14 Jun, inside the month. The next new moon, 8 Jul, finds it in Mithuna and begins Ashadha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Jun, with the Sun in Vrishabha, began Jyeshtha. This Shukla paksha reads Jyeshtha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 06:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 61.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.