Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Tue 14 May 2013

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 36°–48° is the 4th, Shukla Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:09 here. Tritiya ended at 04:17 Mon, before it. Chaturthi ends at 06:49, when the lead reaches 48°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 9 May, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturthi began at 04:17 Mon, before sunrise at 06:09 Mon, and ends at 06:49, after the next sunrise at 06:09. Both days read Chaturthi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Mon 13 May ran from sunset 18:02 Mon to sunrise 06:09, 12 h 7 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:09 to 18:01, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:01 to 06:09 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ardra spans 66°40′–80°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 76°40′. It leaves at 11:27, for Punarvasu.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 29.7° + 77.4° = 107.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 06:19 Wed, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 17:34 Mon, when the lead reached 42°; Vishti runs until 06:49.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:09 to 06:09 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mesha gives Vaishakha. The Sun enters Vrishabha on 14 May, inside the month. The next new moon, 8 Jun, finds it in Vrishabha and begins Jyeshtha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 9 May, with the Sun in Mesha, began Vaishakha. This Shukla paksha reads Vaishakha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 06:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 33.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.