Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sat 14 Jan 2012

The Sun enters Makara at 16:28, between sunrise (06:06) and sunset (18:30). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Sat 14 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 240°–252° is the 21st, Krishna Shashthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:06 here. Panchami ended at 22:58 Fri, before it. Shashthi ends at 21:06, when the lead reaches 252°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 9 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:15, came before Panchami ended at 07:28: this day reads Panchami. Shashthi ends at 05:36 Sun, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Shashthi: it is kshaya.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:06, came after Panchami ended at 22:58 Fri: this day reads Shashthi.

The night of Fri 13 Jan ran from sunset 18:30 Fri to sunrise 06:06, 11 h 36 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:06 to 18:30, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:30 to 06:06 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Phalguni spans 146°40′–160°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 153°20′. It leaves at 17:21, for Hasta.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.6° + 153.4° = 423°, one full turn and 63°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 53°20′–66°40′ is the 5th, Shobhana. It ends at 11:59, then Atiganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Shashthi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 10:03, when the lead reaches 246°; Vanija until 21:06.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:06 to 06:06 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 23 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 23 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 3 Apr 2011, 11:32 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 280.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2068; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1933.