Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Fri 26 Aug 2011

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 07:44 on Fri 26 Aug to 05:45 on Sat 27 Aug, so only Friday’s pradosha (18:10–20:34) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:12 here. Ekadashi ended at 08:58 Thu, before it. Dwadashi ends at 07:44, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 13 Aug, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Trayodashi began at 07:44 and ended at 05:45 Sat, between the sunrises of 06:12 and 06:11 Sat. Friday reads Dwadashi and Saturday reads Chaturdashi: Trayodashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Thu 25 Aug ran from sunset 18:10 Thu to sunrise 06:12, 12 h 2 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:12 to 18:10, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:10 to 06:11 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Punarvasu spans 80°00′–93°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 90°. It leaves at 08:35, for Pushya.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 128.8° + 92° = 220.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 15:46, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 20:27 Thu, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 07:44.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:12 to 06:11 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 17 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 29 Aug, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 29 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, begins Bhadrapada. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Bhadrapada here, and Shravana in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 3 Apr 2011, 11:32 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 139.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2068; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1933.