Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Mon 18 Jul 2011

The Sankashti fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 04:52 on Mon 18 Jul to 06:19 on Tue 19 Jul, so it holds moonrise only on Mon 18 Jul, at 21:00. No text giving Sankashti Chaturthi’s time was found; moonrise is Tithika’s convention.

Sankashti Chaturthi: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 216°–228° is the 19th, Krishna Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:20 here. Tritiya ended at 04:52, before it. Chaturthi ends at 06:19 Tue, when the lead reaches 228°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 15 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:34, came before Tritiya ended at 13:22: this day reads Tritiya.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:20, came after Tritiya ended at 04:52: this day reads Chaturthi.

The night of Sun 17 Jul ran from sunset 18:10 Sun to sunrise 06:20, 12 h 10 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:20 to 18:10, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:10 to 06:20 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shatabhisha spans 306°40′–320°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 306°40′. It leaves at 05:36 Tue, for Purva Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 91.4° + 308.1° = 399.5°, one full turn and 39.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 26°40′–40°00′ is the 3rd, Ayushmana. It ends at 07:12, then Saubhagya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 17:32, when the lead reaches 222°; Balava until 06:19 Tue.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:20 to 06:20 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 30 Jul, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 30 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana here, and Ashadha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 3 Apr 2011, 11:32 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 101.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2068; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1933.