Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 29 May 2011

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 14:00 on Sun 29 May to 15:47 on Mon 30 May, so only Sunday’s pradosha (18:01–20:27) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:12 here. Ekadashi ended at 11:52 Sat, before it. Dwadashi ends at 14:00, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 17 May, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sat 28 May ran from sunset 18:01 Sat to sunrise 06:12, 12 h 11 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:12 to 18:01, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:01 to 06:12 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashwini spans 0°00′–13°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 3°20′. It leaves at 00:39 Mon, for Bharani.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 43.7° + 4.1° = 47.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 40°00′–53°20′ is the 4th, Saubhagya. It ends at 16:34, then Shobhana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 00:58, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 14:00.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:12 to 06:12 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mesha gives Vaishakha. The Sun enters Vrishabha on 15 May, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Jun, finds it in Vrishabha and begins Jyeshtha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 1 Jun, with the Sun in Vrishabha, begins Jyeshtha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Jyeshtha here, and Vaishakha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 3 Apr 2011, 11:32 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 54.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2068; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1933.