Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Tue 4 Jan 2011

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:01 here. Chaturdashi ended at 05:46 Mon, before it. Amavasya ends at 06:02, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 21 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Amavasya began at 05:46 Mon, before sunrise at 06:00 Mon, and ends at 06:02, after the next sunrise at 06:01. Both days read Amavasya: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Mon 3 Jan ran from sunset 18:27 Mon to sunrise 06:01, 11 h 34 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:01 to 18:27, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:27 to 06:01 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 256°40′. It leaves at 19:19, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 259.6° + 259.6° = 519.2°, one full turn and 159.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 07:19, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada ended at 17:51 Mon, when the lead reached 354°; Nagava runs until 06:02.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:01 to 06:01 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, begins Pausha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Pausha here, and Margashirsha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 15 Mar 2010, 18:01 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 288.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2067; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1932.