Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 5 Sep 2010

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 18:31 on Sun 5 Sep to 15:07 on Mon 6 Sep, so it touches only Sunday’s pradosha (18:09–20:32). No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:07 here. Ekadashi ended at 21:26 Sat, before it. Dwadashi ends at 18:31, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 24 Aug, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sat 4 Sep ran from sunset 18:09 Sat to sunrise 06:07, 11 h 58 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:07 to 18:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:09 to 06:07 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Pushya spans 93°20′–106°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 93°20′. It leaves at 00:07 Mon, for Ashlesha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 138.7° + 95.6° = 234.3°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 14:51, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 08:02, when the lead reaches 318°; Taitila until 18:31.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:07 to 06:07 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 16 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 8 Sep, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, begins Bhadrapada. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Bhadrapada here, and Shravana in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 15 Mar 2010, 18:01 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 167.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2067; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1932.