Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 6 Feb 2005

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 06:22 on Sun 6 Feb to 02:49 on Mon 7 Feb, so only Sunday’s pradosha (18:33–20:53) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Davinópolis

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 02:49 on Mon 7 Feb to 23:07 on Mon 7 Feb, between the two nights’ nishitha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Sun 6 Feb. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:14 here. Ekadashi ended at 09:36 Sat, before it. Dwadashi ends at 06:22, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 25 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Trayodashi began at 06:22 and ended at 02:49 Mon, between the sunrises of 06:14 and 06:14 Mon. Sunday reads Dwadashi and Monday reads Chaturdashi: Trayodashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 5 Feb ran from sunset 18:33 Sat to sunrise 06:14, 11 h 41 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:14 to 18:33, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:33 to 06:14 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 256°40′. It leaves at 20:33, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 293.8° + 257.7° = 551.5°, one full turn and 191.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 186°40′–200°00′ is the 15th, Vajra. It ends at 19:01, then Siddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 20:02 Sat, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 06:22.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:14 to 06:14 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 8 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Feb, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 2004, 19:41 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 317.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2061; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1926.