Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 18 Jul 2004

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:20 here. Amavasya ended at 08:23 Sat, before it. Pratipada ends at 10:14, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 17 Jul ran from sunset 18:10 Sat to sunrise 06:20, 12 h 10 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:20 to 18:11, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:11 to 06:20 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Pushya spans 93°20′–106°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 100°. It leaves at 14:52, for Ashlesha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 92.2° + 102.3° = 194.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 186°40′–200°00′ is the 15th, Vajra. It ends at 16:23, then Siddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 21:21 Sat, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 10:14.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:20 to 06:20 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Jul 08:23 Sat to 15 Aug 22:23 Sun the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 16 Aug 08:18 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 2004, 19:41 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 115.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2061; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1926.