Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Tue 14 Jan 2003

The Sun enters Makara at 08:57, between sunrise (06:06) and sunset (18:30). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Tue 14 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Davinópolis

Smartas test Ekadashi at sunrise. It holds both sunrises, 06:05 on Mon 13 Jan and 06:06 on Tue 14 Jan. Ekadashi (04:35 Mon 13 Jan to 06:31 Tue 14 Jan) and Dwadashi (06:31 Tue 14 Jan to 07:51 Wed 15 Jan) are both longer than their day; when both grow, Smartas take the later day: Tue 14 Jan. Vaishnavas test arunodaya: on Mon 13 Jan Dashami lasts until 04:35, inside it (04:29–06:05); on Tue 14 Jan Ekadashi holds all of it.

Pausha Putrada Ekadashi: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 120°–132° is the 11th, Shukla Ekadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:06 here. Dashami ended at 04:35 Mon, before it. Ekadashi ends at 06:31, when the lead reaches 132°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 2 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Ekadashi began at 04:35 Mon, before sunrise at 06:05 Mon, and ends at 06:31, after the next sunrise at 06:06. Both days read Ekadashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Mon 13 Jan ran from sunset 18:30 Mon to sunrise 06:06, 11 h 36 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:06 to 18:30, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:30 to 06:06 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 40°. It leaves at 04:43 Wed, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.9° + 41.7° = 311.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 21:17, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Ekadashi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 17:37 Mon, when the lead reached 126°; Vishti runs until 06:31.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:06 to 06:06 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 2 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 2002, 16:21 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 271.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2059; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1924.