Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Mon 2 Dec 2002

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 10:31 on Mon 2 Dec to 07:27 on Tue 3 Dec, so only Monday night’s nishitha (23:36–00:22 Tue) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:46 here. Dwadashi ended at 13:37 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 10:31, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 19 Nov, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 1 Dec ran from sunset 18:11 Sun to sunrise 05:46, 11 h 35 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:46 to 18:11, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:11 to 05:46 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Swati spans 186°40′–200°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 196°40′. It leaves at 06:47, for Vishakha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 226.1° + 199.4° = 425.5°, one full turn and 65.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 53°20′–66°40′ is the 5th, Shobhana. It ends at 07:35, then Atiganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 00:04, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 10:31.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:46 to 05:46 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 Dec, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Dec, with the Sun in Vrishchika, begins Margashirsha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Margashirsha here, and Kartika in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 2002, 16:21 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 227.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2059; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1924.