Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 8 Sep 2002

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:06 here. Pratipada ended at 20:27 Sat, before it. Dwitiya ends at 16:44, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 7 Sep ran from sunset 18:08 Sat to sunrise 06:06, 11 h 58 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:06 to 18:08, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:08 to 06:05 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Phalguni spans 146°40′–160°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 156°40′. It leaves at 07:05, for Hasta.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 141.7° + 159.4° = 301.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 293°20′–306°40′ is the 23rd, Shubha. It ends at 14:29, then Shukla.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 06:35, when the lead reaches 18°; Kaulava until 16:44.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:06 to 06:05 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 16 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada. This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 2002, 16:21 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 142.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2059; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1924.