Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sat 28 Oct 2000

The tilak is applied in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Dwitiya runs from 04:42 on Sat 28 Oct to 05:03 on Sun 29 Oct, so only Saturday’s aparahna (13:07–15:34) falls within it. No text giving Bhai Dooj’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Bhai Dooj: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:44 here. Pratipada ended at 04:42, before it. Dwitiya ends at 05:03 Sun, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 27 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:30, came before Pratipada ended at 13:12: this day reads Pratipada.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:44, came after Pratipada ended at 04:42: this day reads Dwitiya.

The night of Fri 27 Oct ran from sunset 18:01 Fri to sunrise 05:44, 11 h 43 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:44 to 18:02, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:02 to 05:44 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Vishakha spans 200°00′–213°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 203°20′. It leaves at 23:22, for Anuradha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 191.4° + 203.9° = 395.3°, one full turn and 35.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 26°40′–40°00′ is the 3rd, Ayushmana. It ends at 13:55, then Saubhagya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 16:48, when the lead reaches 18°; Kaulava until 05:03 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:44 to 05:44 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 15 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 25 Nov, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 27 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 4 Apr 2000, 15:12 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 200° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2057; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1922.