Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 10 Oct 1999

Ghatasthapana is done in pratahkala, the first fifth of the day. Pratipada runs from 09:34 on Sat 9 Oct to 10:37 on Sun 10 Oct, so only Sunday’s pratahkala (06:50–09:17) falls within it.

Sharad Navratri: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:50 here. Amavasya ended at 09:34 Sat, before it. Pratipada ends at 10:37, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 9 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 9 Oct ran from sunset 19:02 Sat to sunrise 06:50, 11 h 48 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:50 to 19:02, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:02 to 06:50 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 180°. It leaves at 14:01, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 172.8° + 183° = 355.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 14:31, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 22:02 Sat, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 10:37.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:50 to 06:50 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 8 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 9 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1999, 15:47 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 199.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2056; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1921.