Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Tue 20 May 1997

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:10 here. Dwadashi ended at 05:36 Mon, before it. Trayodashi ends at 06:27, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 6 May, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Trayodashi began at 05:36 Mon, before sunrise at 06:10 Mon, and ends at 06:27, after the next sunrise at 06:10. Both days read Trayodashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Mon 19 May ran from sunset 18:01 Mon to sunrise 06:10, 12 h 9 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:10 to 18:01, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:01 to 06:10 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Swati spans 186°40′–200°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 190°. It leaves at 22:12, for Vishakha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 35.6° + 191.4° = 227°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 04:44 Wed, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 18:06 Mon, when the lead reached 150°; Taitila runs until 06:27.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:10 to 06:10 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mesha gives Vaishakha. The Sun enters Vrishabha on 14 May, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Jun, finds it in Vrishabha and begins Jyeshtha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 May, with the Sun in Mesha, began Vaishakha. This Shukla paksha reads Vaishakha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 1997, 08:01 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 41.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2054; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1919.