Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sat 24 Jan 1981

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:10 here. Chaturthi ended at 05:37, before it. Panchami ends at 07:22 Sun, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 20 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 05:37, before sunrise at 06:10, and ends at 07:22 Sun, after the next sunrise at 06:10 Sun. Both days read Panchami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:13, came before Chaturthi ended at 14:07: this day reads Chaturthi.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:10, came after Chaturthi ended at 05:37: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Fri 23 Jan ran from sunset 18:32 Fri to sunrise 06:10, 11 h 38 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:10 to 18:33, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:33 to 06:10 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Phalguni spans 146°40′–160°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 146°40′. It leaves at 03:50 Sun, for Hasta.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 280.7° + 149° = 429.7°, one full turn and 69.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 66°40′–80°00′ is the 6th, Atiganda. It ends at 00:51 Sun, then Sukarma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 18:26, when the lead reaches 234°; Taitila until 07:22 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:10 to 06:10 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Feb, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 1980, 15:55 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 307.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2037; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1902.