Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 4 Jan 1981

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 03:16 on Sun 4 Jan to 04:05 on Mon 5 Jan, so only Sunday night’s nishitha (23:51–00:38 Mon) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:01 here. Trayodashi ended at 03:16, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 04:05 Mon, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 21 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:14, came before Trayodashi ended at 11:46: this day reads Trayodashi.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:01, came after Trayodashi ended at 03:16: this day reads Chaturdashi.

The night of Sat 3 Jan ran from sunset 18:27 Sat to sunrise 06:01, 11 h 34 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:01 to 18:27, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:27 to 06:02 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Jyeshtha spans 226°40′–240°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 236°40′. It leaves at 10:30, for Mula.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 260.3° + 237.7° = 498°, one full turn and 138°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 21:17, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti runs until 15:45, when the lead reaches 342°; Shakuni until 04:05 Mon.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:01 to 06:02 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, begins Pausha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Pausha here, and Margashirsha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 1980, 15:55 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 287.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2037; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1902.