Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Wed 19 Nov 1980

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 14:21 on Wed 19 Nov to 10:50 on Thu 20 Nov, so only Wednesday’s pradosha (18:06–20:26) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:43 here. Ekadashi ended at 17:34 Tue, before it. Dwadashi ends at 14:21, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Nov, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Tue 18 Nov ran from sunset 18:06 Tue to sunrise 05:43, 11 h 37 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:43 to 18:06, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:06 to 05:43 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Revati spans 346°40′–360°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 350°. It leaves at 17:37, for Ashwini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 213.6° + 352.6° = 566.2°, one full turn and 206.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 200°00′–213°20′ is the 16th, Siddhi. It ends at 16:28, then Vyatipata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 04:00, when the lead reached 138°; Balava runs until 14:21.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:43 to 05:43 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 15 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 Dec, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 1980, 15:55 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 240.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2037; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1902.