Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Thu 15 May 1980

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:09 here. Amavasya ended at 09:00 Wed, before it. Pratipada ends at 06:10, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 14 May, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 06:10 and ended at 03:50 Fri, between the sunrises of 06:09 and 06:10 Fri. Thursday reads Pratipada and Friday reads Tritiya: Dwitiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Wed 14 May ran from sunset 18:01 Wed to sunrise 06:09, 12 h 8 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:09 to 18:01, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:01 to 06:10 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 40°. It leaves at 23:21, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 31.1° + 43.1° = 74.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 66°40′–80°00′ is the 6th, Atiganda. It ends at 15:15, then Sukarma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 19:32 Wed, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 06:10.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:09 to 06:10 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 14 May 09:00 Wed to 12 Jun 17:38 Thu the Sun stayed in Vrishabha, entering Mithuna at 14 Jun 09:25 Sat, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Jyeshtha, before Jyeshtha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, began Jyeshtha (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Jyeshtha (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 1980, 15:55 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 58.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2037; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1902.