Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Wed 5 Jul 1978

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:19 here. Chaturdashi ended at 04:30 Tue, before it. Amavasya ends at 06:50, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 20 Jun, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Amavasya began at 04:30 Tue, before sunrise at 06:19 Tue, and ends at 06:50, after the next sunrise at 06:19. Both days read Amavasya: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Tue 4 Jul ran from sunset 18:08 Tue to sunrise 06:19, 12 h 11 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:19 to 18:08, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:08 to 06:19 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ardra spans 66°40′–80°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 76°40′. It leaves at 07:55, for Punarvasu.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 79.4° + 79.2° = 158.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 08:50, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada ended at 17:39 Tue, when the lead reached 354°; Nagava runs until 06:50.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:19 to 06:19 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishabha gives Jyeshtha. The Sun enters Mithuna on 14 Jun, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Jul, finds it in Mithuna and begins Ashadha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 5 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, begins Ashadha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashadha here, and Jyeshtha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 1978, 12:15 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 85.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2035; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1900.