Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Wed 22 Mar 1978

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:13 here. Dwadashi ended at 12:35 Tue, before it. Trayodashi ends at 13:24, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 8 Mar, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Tue 21 Mar ran from sunset 18:19 Tue to sunrise 06:13, 11 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:13 to 18:19, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:19 to 06:13 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 130°. It leaves at 11:53, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 337.8° + 130.3° = 468.1°, one full turn and 108.1°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 02:51 Thu, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 01:04, when the lead reached 150°; Taitila runs until 13:24.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:13 to 06:13 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kumbha gives Phalguna. The Sun enters Meena on 14 Mar, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 Apr, finds it in Meena and begins Chaitra.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Mar, with the Sun in Kumbha, began Phalguna. This Shukla paksha reads Phalguna in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 19 Mar 1977, 15:32 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 362.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2034; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1899.