Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 1 Jan 1978

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 252°–264° is the 22nd, Krishna Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:00 here. Shashthi ended at 20:54 Sat, before it. Saptami ends at 21:13, when the lead reaches 264°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 25 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sat 31 Dec ran from sunset 18:25 Sat to sunrise 06:00, 11 h 35 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:00 to 18:26, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:26 to 06:00 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Phalguni spans 146°40′–160°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 153°20′. It leaves at 18:06, for Hasta.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 257° + 153.5° = 410.5°, one full turn and 50.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 40°00′–53°20′ is the 4th, Saubhagya. It ends at 10:50, then Shobhana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Vishti and the second Bava. Vishti runs until 09:09, when the lead reaches 258°; Bava until 21:13.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:00 to 06:00 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 9 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 9 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, begins Pausha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Pausha here, and Margashirsha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 19 Mar 1977, 15:32 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 281.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2034; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1899.