Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Thu 14 Jan 1965

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 21:23 on Thu 14 Jan to 18:00 on Fri 15 Jan, between the two evenings’ pradosha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Thu 14 Jan. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:06 here. Ekadashi ended at 00:21, before it. Dwadashi ends at 21:23, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 2 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:15, came before Ekadashi ended at 08:51: this day reads Ekadashi. Dwadashi ends at 05:53 Fri, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Dwadashi: it is kshaya.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:06, came after Ekadashi ended at 00:21: this day reads Dwadashi.

The night of Wed 13 Jan ran from sunset 18:30 Wed to sunrise 06:06, 11 h 36 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:06 to 18:31, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:31 to 06:06 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 43°20′. It leaves at 18:13, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 270.6° + 45.9° = 316.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 11:24, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 10:55, when the lead reaches 138°; Balava until 21:23.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:06 to 06:06 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 2 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 13 Mar 1964, 23:13 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 300.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2021; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1886.