Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sat 21 Oct 1961

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 02:48 on Sat 21 Oct to 23:55 on Sat 21 Oct, so only Saturday’s pradosha (18:01–20:22) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:46 here. Dwadashi ended at 02:48, before it. Trayodashi ends at 23:55, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 9 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:25, came before Dwadashi ended at 11:18: this day reads Dwadashi.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:46, came after Dwadashi ended at 02:48: this day reads Trayodashi.

The night of Fri 20 Oct ran from sunset 18:01 Fri to sunrise 05:46, 11 h 45 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:46 to 18:01, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:01 to 05:46 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 330°. It leaves at 11:06, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 184.4° + 330.1° = 514.5°, one full turn and 154.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 14:14, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 13:21, when the lead reaches 150°; Taitila until 23:55.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:46 to 05:46 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 8 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 9 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 1961, 15:50 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 211.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2018; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1883.