Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Wed 14 Jul 1943

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 19:41 on Wed 14 Jul to 16:34 on Thu 15 Jul, so it touches only Wednesday’s pradosha (18:10–20:36). No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:20 here. Ekadashi ended at 22:16 Tue, before it. Dwadashi ends at 19:41, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 2 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:32, came before Ekadashi ended at 07:46: this day reads Ekadashi. Dwadashi ends at 05:11 Thu, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Dwadashi: it is kshaya.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:20, came after Ekadashi ended at 22:16 Tue: this day reads Dwadashi.

The night of Tue 13 Jul ran from sunset 18:09 Tue to sunrise 06:20, 12 h 11 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:20 to 18:10, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:10 to 06:20 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Anuradha spans 213°20′–226°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 223°20′. It leaves at 09:59, for Jyeshtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 88° + 224.5° = 312.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 18:02, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 09:03, when the lead reaches 138°; Balava until 19:41.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:20 to 06:20 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Aug, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 2 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, began Ashadha. This Shukla paksha reads Ashadha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 4 Apr 1943, 18:52 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 96.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2000; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1865.