Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sat 7 Nov 1931

Dhanteras puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 07:00 on Sat 7 Nov to 03:42 on Sun 8 Nov, so only Saturday’s pradosha (19:03–21:23) falls within it. No text giving Dhanteras’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Dhanteras puja muhurat: pradosha, 19:03–21:23. Within it Vrishabha, a fixed (sthira) lagna, rises in the east from 19:34 to 21:23.

Dhanteras: every date in Davinópolis

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 07:00 on Sat 7 Nov to 03:42 on Sun 8 Nov, so only Saturday’s pradosha (19:03–21:23) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Davinópolis

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 03:42 on Sun 8 Nov to 00:17 on Mon 9 Nov, between the two nights’ nishitha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Sat 7 Nov. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:43 here. Ekadashi ended at 10:03 Fri, before it. Dwadashi ends at 07:00, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 26 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Trayodashi began at 07:00 and ended at 03:42 Sun, between the sunrises of 06:43 and 06:43 Sun. Saturday reads Dwadashi and Sunday reads Chaturdashi: Trayodashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Fri 6 Nov ran from sunset 19:03 Fri to sunrise 06:43, 11 h 40 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:43 to 19:03, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:03 to 06:43 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Hasta spans 160°00′–173°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 163°20′. It leaves at 20:18, for Chitra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 201.1° + 164.9° = 366°, one full turn and 6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 17:49, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 20:34 Fri, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 07:00.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:43 to 06:43 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 9 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 9 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 19 Mar 1931, 04:50 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 226.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1988; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1853.