Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sat 13 Apr 1929

The Sun enters Mesha at 04:02, after sunset (18:10 Fri), so the next day keeps it: Sat 13 Apr. No text giving Mesha Sankranti’s time was found; sankranti is Tithika’s convention.

Mesha Sankranti: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 36°–48° is the 4th, Shukla Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:10 here. Tritiya ended at 10:06 Fri, before it. Chaturthi ends at 07:26, when the lead reaches 48°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 9 Apr, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 07:26 and ended at 04:50 Sun, between the sunrises of 06:10 and 06:10 Sun. Saturday reads Chaturthi and Sunday reads Shashthi: Panchami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Fri 12 Apr ran from sunset 18:10 Fri to sunrise 06:10, 12 h 0 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:10 to 18:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:09 to 06:10 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 46°40′. It leaves at 16:04, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 0.1° + 47.4° = 47.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 40°00′–53°20′ is the 4th, Saubhagya. It ends at 15:18, then Shobhana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 20:46 Fri, when the lead reached 42°; Vishti runs until 07:26.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:10 to 06:10 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 13 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 9 May, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 9 Apr, with the Sun in Meena, began Chaitra. This Shukla paksha reads Chaitra in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 9 Apr 1929, 17:32 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 3.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1986; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1851.